Introduction to A.P.J. Abdul Kalam and Wings of Fire Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1931–2015) was an Indian scientist, aerospace engineer, and the 11th President of India (2002–2007). Known as the "Missile Man of India," he played a key role in India's space and missile development programs. Born in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, to a humble family, Kalam rose to greatness through hard work, perseverance, and a passion for science. Despite facing financial struggles, he pursued education and later contributed to India's nuclear and defense advancements, making him one of the most respected leaders in the country. His autobiography, Wings of Fire , co-written with Arun Tiwari, was published in 1999. The book details Kalam’s early life, education, career in science, and his contributions to India's missile and space programs. It also shares the values and experiences that shaped him, including discipline, spirituality, and patriotism. The book serves as an ins...
How does “The Lady or the Tiger?” portray the conflict between love and jealousy, fate and justice? Frank R. Stockton (1834–1902) was an American writer best known for his imaginative short stories and fairy tales. He often used humour, irony, and unusual plots to explore human nature and morality. His “The Lady or the Tiger?” is a unique short story that explores themes of love, jealousy, fate, human nature and tough choices. The story is famous for its open-ended conclusion, which leaves the reader questioning what choice the princess made. It takes place in a kingdom where the king has a strange way of deciding if someone is guilty or innocent. The accused person must choose between two doors—one has a fierce tiger that will kill them, and the other has a beautiful lady they must marry immediately. The king’s way of deciding guilt or innocence is not fair—it is based on luck, not truth. The story criticizes how justice can sometimes be random or cruel. One day, the king’...