Parts of Speech

 Nouns : A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea.

i)               Common Nouns: General names for a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., dog, city, car).

ii)             Proper Nouns: Specific names for a particular person, place, thing, or idea, always capitalized (e.g., London, Sarah, Toyota).

iii)           Abstract Nouns: Names for intangible concepts, qualities, or conditions (e.g., love, freedom, happiness).

iv)            Concrete Nouns: Names for things that can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, or tasted (e.g., apple, building, cat).

v)             Collective Nouns: Names for a group of people or things (e.g., team, flock, committee).

vi)            Countable Nouns: Nouns that can be counted (e.g., books, cars, apples).

vii)          Uncountable Nouns: Nouns that cannot be counted (e.g., water, sugar, information).

Pronouns: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent.

i)               Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people or things (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

ii)             Possessive Pronouns: Indicate ownership (e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).

iii)           Reflexive Pronouns: Refer back to the subject of the sentence (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves).

iv)            Relative Pronouns: Introduce dependent clauses and refer to nouns mentioned previously (e.g., who, whom, whose, which, that).

v)             Demonstrative Pronouns: Point to specific things (e.g., this, that, these, those).

vi)            Indefinite Pronouns: Refer to non-specific persons or things (e.g., anyone, everybody, something, nobody).

Verbs: The verb in a sentence expresses action or being.

i)               Action Verbs: Show action (e.g., run, jump, write).

ii)             Linking Verbs: Connect the subject to more information (e.g., am, is, are, was, were).

iii)           Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs: Help the main verb to form a verb tense (e.g., have, has, had, do, does, did, will, shall).

iv)            Modal Verbs: Indicate ability, possibility, permission, or obligation (e.g., can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would).

Adjectives: An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun.

i)               Descriptive Adjectives: Describe qualities or states (e.g., happy, large, red).

ii)             Quantitative Adjectives: Indicate quantity (e.g., some, many, few).

iii)           Demonstrative Adjectives: Point out specific items (e.g., this, that, these, those).

iv)            Possessive Adjectives: Indicate possession (e.g., my, your, his, her, its, our, their).

v)             Interrogative Adjectives: Used in questions (e.g., which, what, whose).

Adverbs: An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun.

i)               Manner: Describe how an action is performed (e.g., quickly, slowly, well).

ii)             Place: Indicate where an action occurs (e.g., here, there, everywhere).

iii)           Time: Indicate when an action occurs (e.g., now, later, yesterday).

iv)            Frequency: Indicate how often an action occurs (e.g., always, never, often).

v)             Degree: Indicate the intensity or degree of an action (e.g., very, quite, too).

Prepositions: A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.

i)               Time: Show relationships in time (e.g., at, on, in).

ii)             Place: Show relationships in space (e.g., at, on, in, beside, between).

iii)           Direction: Indicate direction or movement (e.g., to, towards, through).

Conjunctions: A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined.

i)               Coordinating Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank (e.g., and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet).

ii)             Subordinating Conjunctions: Connect dependent clauses to independent clauses (e.g., because, although, since, unless).

iii)           Correlative Conjunctions: Pairs of conjunctions that work together (e.g., either/or, neither/nor, both/and).