Nouns : A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea.
i)
Common Nouns: General names for a person,
place, thing, or idea (e.g., dog, city, car).
ii)
Proper Nouns: Specific names for a
particular person, place, thing, or idea, always capitalized (e.g., London,
Sarah, Toyota).
iii)
Abstract Nouns: Names for intangible
concepts, qualities, or conditions (e.g., love, freedom, happiness).
iv)
Concrete Nouns: Names for things that can
be seen, touched, heard, smelled, or tasted (e.g., apple, building, cat).
v)
Collective Nouns: Names for a group of
people or things (e.g., team, flock, committee).
vi)
Countable Nouns: Nouns that can be counted
(e.g., books, cars, apples).
vii)
Uncountable Nouns: Nouns that cannot be
counted (e.g., water, sugar, information).
Pronouns: A pronoun is a
word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific
noun, which is called its antecedent.
i)
Personal Pronouns: Refer to specific people
or things (e.g., I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
ii)
Possessive Pronouns: Indicate ownership
(e.g., mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs).
iii)
Reflexive Pronouns: Refer back to the
subject of the sentence (e.g., myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, themselves).
iv)
Relative Pronouns: Introduce dependent
clauses and refer to nouns mentioned previously (e.g., who, whom, whose, which,
that).
v)
Demonstrative Pronouns: Point to specific
things (e.g., this, that, these, those).
vi)
Indefinite Pronouns: Refer to non-specific
persons or things (e.g., anyone, everybody, something, nobody).
Verbs: The verb in a
sentence expresses action or being.
i)
Action Verbs: Show action (e.g., run,
jump, write).
ii)
Linking Verbs: Connect the subject to more
information (e.g., am, is, are, was, were).
iii)
Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs: Help the main
verb to form a verb tense (e.g., have, has, had, do, does, did, will, shall).
iv)
Modal Verbs: Indicate ability,
possibility, permission, or obligation (e.g., can, could, may, might, must,
shall, should, will, would).
Adjectives: An adjective
is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun.
i)
Descriptive Adjectives: Describe qualities
or states (e.g., happy, large, red).
ii)
Quantitative Adjectives: Indicate quantity
(e.g., some, many, few).
iii)
Demonstrative Adjectives: Point out
specific items (e.g., this, that, these, those).
iv)
Possessive Adjectives: Indicate possession
(e.g., my, your, his, her, its, our, their).
v)
Interrogative Adjectives: Used in
questions (e.g., which, what, whose).
Adverbs: An adverb
describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a
noun.
i)
Manner: Describe how an action is
performed (e.g., quickly, slowly, well).
ii)
Place: Indicate where an action occurs
(e.g., here, there, everywhere).
iii)
Time: Indicate when an action occurs
(e.g., now, later, yesterday).
iv)
Frequency: Indicate how often an action
occurs (e.g., always, never, often).
v)
Degree: Indicate the intensity or degree
of an action (e.g., very, quite, too).
Prepositions: A preposition
is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another
word in the sentence.
i)
Time: Show relationships in time (e.g.,
at, on, in).
ii)
Place: Show relationships in space (e.g.,
at, on, in, beside, between).
iii)
Direction: Indicate direction or movement
(e.g., to, towards, through).
Conjunctions: A
conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship
between the elements joined.
i)
Coordinating Conjunctions: Connect words,
phrases, or clauses of equal rank (e.g., and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet).
ii)
Subordinating Conjunctions: Connect
dependent clauses to independent clauses (e.g., because, although, since,
unless).
iii)
Correlative Conjunctions: Pairs of
conjunctions that work together (e.g., either/or, neither/nor, both/and).
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